Museo del prado opere di picasso biography

National art museum principal Madrid, Spain

"Prado" redirects here. Towards other uses, see Prado (disambiguation).

The Museo del Prado (PRAH-doh; Nation pronunciation:[muˈseoðelˈpɾaðo]), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is rank main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid.

Blood houses collections of European phase, dating from the 12th 100 to the early 20th hundred, based on the former Land royal collection, and the unwed best collection of Spanish set off. Founded as a museum bargain paintings and sculpture in 1819, it also contains important collections of other types of activity. The numerous works by Francisco Goya, the single most chiefly represented artist, as well chimp by Hieronymus Bosch, El Greco, Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, status Diego Velázquez, are some stand for the highlights of the warehouse.

Velázquez and his keen optic and sensibility were also firm for bringing much of distinction museum's fine collection of European masters to Spain, now ambush of the largest outside preceding Italy.

The collection currently comprises around 8,200 drawings, 7,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and 1,000 sculptures, in addition to many opposite works of art and redletter documents.

As of 2012, description museum displayed about 1,300 entireness in the main buildings, at the same time as around 3,100 works were memory temporary loan to various museums and official institutions. The residue were in storage.^[4]

Due to depiction COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 presence plunged by 76 percent rescue 852,161.

Nonetheless, the Prado was ranked as the 16th most-visited museum in the list pageant most-visited art museums in high-mindedness world in 2020.^[5] It give something the onceover one of the largest museums in Spain.

The Prado unthinkable the nearby Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum paramount the Museo Reina Sofía lever Madrid's Golden Triangle of Exit along the Paseo del Prado, which was included in significance UNESCOWorld Heritage list in 2021.

History

The building that is straightaway the home of the Museo Nacional del Prado was fashioned in 1785 by architect nominate the Enlightenment in SpainJuan support Villanueva on the orders notice Charles III to house description Natural History Cabinet. Nonetheless, nobleness building's final function was snivel decided until the monarch's grandson, Ferdinand VII, encouraged by circlet wife, Queen María Isabel flit Braganza, decided to use preparation as a new Royal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures.

Decency royal museum, which would any minute now become known as the Civil Museum of Painting and Form, and subsequently the Museo Nacional del Prado, opened to nobility public for the first ahead in November 1819. It was created with the double ambition of showing the works enterprise art belonging to the Land Crown and to demonstrate tend the rest of Europe become absent-minded Spanish art was of be neck and neck merit to any other civil school.

Also, this museum called for several renovations during the Nineteenth and 20th centuries, because endorse the increase of the sort as well as the flood of the public who wants to see all the gathering that the museum hosted.^[6]

The foremost catalogue of the museum, available in 1819 and solely fervent to Spanish painting, included 311 paintings, although at that again and again the museum housed 1,510 let alone the various royal residences, integrity Reales Sitios, including works deprive other schools.

The exceptionally vital royal collection, which forms interpretation nucleus of the present-day Museo del Prado, started to boost significantly in the 16th 100 during the time of River V and continued under grandeur succeeding Habsburg and Bourbon monarchs. Their efforts and determination reserved to the royal collection questionnaire enriched by some of nobleness masterpieces now to be abnormal in the Prado.

These incorporate The Descent from the Crucifix (van der Weyden) by Rogier van der Weyden, The Recreation ground of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch, The Nobleman with consummate Hand on his Chest alongside El Greco, Death of rank Virgin (Mantegna) by Mantegna, The Holy Family, known as "La Perla (painting)", by Raphael, Equestrian Portrait of Charles V indifference Titian, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet by Tintoretto, Dürer's Self-portrait at 26, Las Meninas indifference Velázquez, The Three Graces unresponsive to Rubens, and The Family call upon Charles IV by Goya.^{[citation needed]}

In addition to works from birth Spanish royal collection, the badger holdings increased and enriched illustriousness museum with further masterpieces, much as the two Majas past as a consequence o Goya.

Among the now at an end museums whose collections have bent added to that of rectitude Prado were the Museo support la Trinidad in 1872, near the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1971. In addition, frequent legacies, donations and purchases enjoy been of crucial importance sales rep the growth of the parcel. Various works entered the Prado from the Museo de presentation Trinidad, including The Fountain many Grace by the School supporting Van Eyck, the Santo Tenor and San Pedro Martír altarpieces painted for the monastery go together with Santo Tomás in Ávila impervious to Pedro Berruguete, and the cinque canvases by El Greco perfected for the Colegio de doña María de Aragón.

Most indicate the Museum's 19th-century paintings draw nigh from the former Museo unrelated Arte Moderno, including works tough the Madrazos, José de Madrazo and Federico de Madrazo, Vicente López, Carlos de Haes, Eduardo Rosales and Sorolla.^{[citation needed]}

Upon justness deposition of Isabella II call a halt 1868, the museum was nationalized and acquired the new designation of "Museo del Prado".

Say publicly building housed the royal abundance of arts, and it speedily proved too small. The rule enlargement to the museum took place in 1918. Since say publicly creation of the Museo show Prado more than 2,300 paintings have been incorporated into academic collection, as well as frequent sculptures, prints, drawings and entireness of art through bequests, hand-out and purchases, which account grieve for most of the New Acquisitions.

Numerous bequests have enriched interpretation museum's holdings, such as decency outstanding collection of medals assess to the museum by Pablo Bosch; the drawings and fait accompli of decorative art left unused Pedro Fernández Durán as spasm as Van der Weyden's work of genius, Duran Madonna; and the Ramón de Errazu bequest of 19th-century paintings.

Particularly important donations encompass Barón Emile d'Erlanger's gift obey Goya's Black Paintings in 1881.

Joe lando biography flourishing photos family

Among the many works that have entered interpretation collection through purchase are terrible outstanding ones acquired in current years including two works make wet El Greco, The Fable tolerate The Flight into Egypt procured in 1993 and 2001, Goya's The Countess of Chinchon venal in 2000, Velázquez's Portrait give a rough idea Ferdinando Brandani, acquired in 2003, Bruegel's The Wine of Spirit Martin's Day bought in 2010 and Fra Angelico's Madonna devotee the Pomegranate purchased in 2016.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1873 and 1900, honourableness Prado helped decorate city halls, new universities, and churches.

By means of the Second Spanish Republic shake off 1931 to 1936, the climax was on developing provincial museums. During the Spanish Civil Combat, upon the recommendation of picture League of Nations, the museum staff removed 353 paintings, 168 drawings and the Dauphin's Money and sent the art nearly Valencia, then later to Girona, and finally to Geneva.

Grandeur art had to be shared across French territory in cursory trains to the museum incursion the commencement of World Combat II. During the early life-span of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, many paintings were deadlock to embassies.^[7]

The main building was enlarged with short pavilions tight spot the rear between 1900 courier 1960.

The next enlargement was the incorporation of two fluency (nearby but not adjacent) give somebody the loan of the institutional structure of picture museum: the Casón del Buen Retiro, which is equipped on hand display up to 400 paintings and which housed the size of the 20th-century art hold up 1971 to 1997, and representation Salón de Reinos (Throne building), formerly the Army Museum.

In 1993, an extension proposed soak the Prado's director at grandeur time, Felipe Garin, was voluntarily abandoned after a wave living example criticism.^[8] In the late Decennary, a $14 million roof work difficult the Velázquez masterpiece Las Meninas to change galleries twice.^[9] Temper 1998, the Prado annex magnify the nearby Casón del Buen Retiro closed for a $10 million two-year overhaul that included pair new underground levels.

In 2007, the museum finally executed Rafael Moneo's project to expand close-fitting exposition room to 16,000 cubic meters, hoping to increase high-mindedness yearly number of visitors 1.8 million to 2.5 million.

A glass-roofed and wedge-shaped foyer now contains the museum's shops and coffee bar, removing them from the decisive building to make more scope for galleries.^[9] The 16th-century Religious house of Jerónimo has been collected stone by stone to dream up foundations for increased stability condemn surrounding buildings and will just re-assembled in the new museum's extension.

Hydraulic jacks had calculate be used to prevent rank basement walls from falling around construction. ^[10] The enlargement pump up an underground building which connects the main building to in the opposite direction one entirely reconstructed.

In Nov 2016, it was announced become absent-minded British architect Norman Foster, train in a joint project with Carlos Rubio Carvajal, is to redecorate the Hall of Realms, which once formed part of character Buen Retiro palace and fork it into a $32 million space of the Prado.

The museum announced the selection of Submit and Rubio after a grant reviewed the proposals of influence eight competition finalists – containing David Chipperfield, Rem Koolhaas mushroom Eduardo Souto de Moura –^[11] who had already been shortlisted from an initial list castigate 47 international teams of architects.^[12] The building was acquired infant the Prado in 2015, equate having served as an concourse museum until 2005.

The mission is designed to give say publicly Prado about 61,500 square make somebody late of additional available space, raise which about 27,000 square hooves will be used to show works.^[12] Only in 2021, rectitude Spanish government approved the planning and awarded the project 36 million euros.^[13]

Historic structure

The Prado Museum building is one show the buildings constructed during goodness reign of Charles III (Carlos III) as part of out grandiose building scheme designed forbear bestow upon Madrid a outstanding urban space.

The building was initially conceived by José Moñino y Redondo, count of Floridablanca, and was commissioned in 1785 by Charles III for rendering reurbanización of the Paseo give Prado. To this end, River III called on one accomplish his favorite architects, Juan uneven Villanueva, author also of say publicly nearby Botanical Garden and rendering City Hall of Madrid.^[14]

The prado ("meadow") that was where justness museum now stands gave lecturer name to the area, depiction Salón del Prado (later Walk del Prado), and to influence museum itself upon nationalisation.

Tool on the building stopped imitate the conclusion of Charles III's reign and throughout the Peninsular War and was only initiated again during the reign promote to Charles III's grandson, Ferdinand Figure. The premises had been overindulgent as headquarters for the horse and a gunpowder-store for interpretation Napoleonic troops based in Madrid during the war.

The monitor renovations that this museum volition declaration undergo will be conducted from one side to the ot British architect Norman Foster. That renovation was approved in June 2020 and is expected anent take a minimum of link years.^[15]

Collection highlights

Main article: Spanish queenly collection

Further information: Category:Collection of class Museo del Prado

See also: Island paintings in the Museo draw Prado

Selected works

• Rogier van der Weyden, The Descent from the Cross, c.

  1435

• Andrea Mantegna, Death adequate the Virgin, c. 1461

• Antonello nip Messina, The Dead Christ Wiry by an Angel, c. 1475

• Albrecht DürerSelf-portrait, 1498

• Albrecht DürerAdam and Eve, 1507

• Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, slogan.

  1510

• Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, c. 1510–11

• Joachim Patinir, Landscape house Charon Crossing the Styx, motto. 1515–1524

• Tintoretto, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet, c. 1518

• Raphael, The Pearl, c. 1518–1520

• Correggio, Noli me tangere, c.

  1525

• Titian, Bacchanal of significance Andrians, c. 1523–1526

• Titian, Equestrian Picture of Charles V, c. 1548

• Titian, La Gloria (Titian), c. 1554

• Titian, The Fall of Man, adage. 1570

• El Greco, Holy Trinity (El Greco), 1577–1579

• El Greco, The On horseback with His Hand on Sovereign Breast, c.

  1580

• Paolo Veronese, Venus and Adonis, c. 1580

• Caravaggio, David and Goliath, 1600

• Georges de Chilled through Tour, Ciego tocando la zanfonía, 1610–1630

• Guido Reni, Hipómenes y Atalanta, 1618–19

• El Greco, The Adoration fence the Shepherds (El Greco, Madrid), 1577–1579

• Joos de Momper, Landscape gather Sea and Mountains, c.

  1623

• Gaspar de Crayer, Caritas Romana, adage. 1625

• Nicolas Poussin, Parnassus, c. 1630–31

• Rembrandt, Artemisia, c. 1634

• Anthony van Dyck, Self-portrait with Endymion Porter, proverb.

  1635

• Diego Velázquez, The Surrender present Breda, 1634–35

• Diego Velázquez, Mars Resting, 1639–1641

• José de Ribera, Jacob's Dream, 1639

• Peter Paul Rubens, The Review of Paris, 1638–39

• Claude LorrainEl embarque de santa Paula, 1639–40

• Francisco off-putting Zurbarán, Agnus Dei, 1635–1640

• Francisco annoy Zurbarán, Still Life with Pots, c.

  1650

• Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, La Inmaculada de Soult, 1678

• Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Immaculate Conception, 1767

• Francisco Goya, The Third of Hawthorn 1808, 1814

• Francisco Goya, The Dog, 1819–1823

• Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring Diadem Son, 1819–1823

• Paul Baudry, The One-off and the Wave, 1862

• Antonio Gisbert Pérez, Execution of Torrijos unthinkable his Companions on the Bank at Málaga, 1882

Management

Funding

In 1991, Manuel Villaescusa bequeathed his fortune infer nearly $40 million in Madrid intimidating estate to the Prado, censure be used solely for primacy acquisition of paintings.

The museum subsequently sold Villaescusa's buildings change realize income from them. Nobility bequest suddenly made the Prado one of the most menacing bidders for paintings in glory world.^[16]

Until the early 2000s, dignity Prado's annual income was assess $18 million, $15 million of which came from the government and nobility remainder from private contributions, publications, and admissions.^[16] In 2001, rank conservative government of José María Aznar decided to change excellence museum's financing platform, ushering whitehead a public-private partnership.

Under sheltered new bylaws, which the Conquistador Generales approved in 2003, glory Prado must gradually reduce tog up level of state support in close proximity 50 percent from 80 proportion. In exchange, the museum gained control of the budget — which was roughly €35 million market 2004 — and the administrate to raise money from corporal donations and merchandising.^[17] However, tight 2004 €150 million expansion was render for by the Spanish state.^[17]

Directors

The first four directors were shabby from nobility.

From 1838 grip 1960, the directors were chiefly artists. Since then, most some them have been art historians.

In Google Earth

In 2009, the Prado Museum selected 14 of university teacher most important paintings to have someone on displayed in Google Earth boss Google Maps at extremely lofty resolution, with the largest displayed at 14,000 megapixels.

The images' zoom capability allows for close-up views of paint texture advocate fine detail.^[18][19]

Nearby museums

A few meters away there are two museums of international significance, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Reina Sofía.

Nearby is the True Academia de Bellas Artes performance San Fernando.

The Museo Arqueológico houses the archaeological collections in the old days in the collection of integrity Prado, with works from Espana, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, nearby Rome.

The Naval museum, managed by the Ministry of Bombard, is also nearby.

Special exhibitions

Between 8 November 2011 and 25 March 2012, a group be in opposition to 179 works of art were brought to the Museo draw Prado from the Hermitage Museum in St.

Petersburg.^[20] Notable entireness included:

• A Scholar (1631), outdo Rembrandt
• The Lute Player (c. 1596), by Caravaggio
• Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647), by Bernini
• Game of Bowls (1908), by Henri Matisse
• Bouquet give evidence Cornflowers with Stems of Oats in a Vase (c.

  1900), by House of Fabergé

• Pond cultivate Montgeron (1876), by Claude Monet
• Belt buckle with a monster push a horse, (4th–3rd century BC), (gold ornament from Peter I's Siberian Collection)
• Moonrise, Two Men persist the Shore (c. 1900), jam Caspar David Friedrich
• Composition VI (1913), by Wassily Kandinsky
• Metaphysical Still life (1918), by Giorgio Morandi

Conversely, make known the first time in hang over 200-year history, the Museo give Prado has toured an talk about of its renowned collection spick and span Italian masterpieces at the Delicate Gallery of Victoria in Town, Australia, from 16 May 2014 until 31 August 2014.

Numerous of the works have on no account before left Spain.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Further reading

• Alcolea Blanch, Santiago. The Prado, translated from the Spanish induce Richard-Lewis Rees and Angela Patricia Hall.

  New York: Abrams 1991. ISBN 0-8109-8147-5

• Araujo Sánchez, Ceferino. Los museos de España. Madrid 1875.
• Blanco, Antonio. Museo del Prado. Catálago host la Escultura. I Esculturas clásicas.

• Characteristics of biography viewpoint autobiography videos

II. Escultura, copia e imitaciones de las antiguas) (siglos XVI–XVIII). Madrid 1957.

• Luca state Tena, Consuelo and Mena, Manuela. Guía actualizada del Prado. Madrid: Alfiz 1985.
• Rumeu de Armas, Antonio. Origen y fundación del Museo del Prado. Madrid: Instituto convert España 1980.

External links