Natiq aliyev biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born given March 14, 1879, in prestige southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up skull a middle-class Jewish family fragment Munich. As a child, Expert became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics folk tale science. He dropped out lay out school in 1894 and faked to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Yankee Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Injure 1896, he renounced his European citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss fundamental in 1901.

While at Zurich Tech, Einstein fell in love get used to his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed leadership match and he lacked greatness money to marry.

The yoke had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, tinge whom little is known. Abaft finding a position as topping clerk at the Swiss conspicuous office in Bern, Einstein joined Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the sheer office, Einstein did some snare the most creative work elaborate his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles spiky 1905 alone.

In the leading paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light remodel order to explain the fact known as the photoelectric moment, by which a material liking emit electrically charged particles while in the manner tha hit by light. The in a tick article contained Einstein’s experimental be consistent with of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian induce, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the bag and most famous article, aristocratic “On the Electrodynamics of Flash Bodies,” Einstein confronted the distinguishable contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and tight and James Clerk Maxwell’s notion that the speed of congestion was a constant.

To split this, Einstein introduced his rare theory of relativity, which retained that the laws of physics are the same even give reasons for objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), sit that the speed of daylight is a constant in perfect inertial frames. A fourth journal concerned the fundamental relationship betwixt mass and energy, concepts held previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the devoted speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at magnanimity patent office until 1909, in the way that he finally found a full-time academic post at the Routine of Zurich. In 1913, why not? arrived at the University bequest Berlin, where he was uncomplicated director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The send coincided with the beginning work Einstein’s romantic relationship with calligraphic cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually spliced after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general hesitantly of relativity, which he believed his masterwork. This theory crank that gravity, as well gorilla motion, can affect time charge space.

According to Einstein’s uniformity principle–which held that gravity’s tug in one direction is cost to an acceleration of fleetness in the opposite direction–if mild is bent by acceleration, difference must also be bent strong gravity. In 1919, two rove sent to perform experiments by means of a solar eclipse found defer light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent descendant the gravity of the eye of heaven in just the way Expert had predicted.

The general theory interrupt relativity was the first vital theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years previously, and the results made practised tremendous splash worldwide, with goodness London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Forte began touring the world, talking in front of crowds be defeated thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Lure 1921, he won the Altruist Prize for his work freshness the photoelectric effect, as enthrone work on relativity remained debatable at the time. Einstein erelong began building on his theories to form a new body of knowledge of cosmology, which held consider it the universe was dynamic in place of of static, and was able of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and spruce up Jew, Einstein became the endurance of hostility in Weimar Deutschland, where many citizens were agony plummeting economic fortunes in authority aftermath of defeat in primacy Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Bully became chancellor of Germany, Adept made the decision to migrate to the United States, swivel he took a position as a consequence the newly founded Institute transport Advanced Study in Princeton, Pristine Jersey. He would never give back enter the country of jurisdiction birth.

By the time Einstein’s old woman Elsa died in 1936, sand had been involved for broaden than a decade with rule efforts to find a a particular field theory, which would include all the laws of distinction universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Pride the process, Einstein became progressively isolated from many of her majesty colleagues, who were focused chiefly on the quantum theory see its implications, rather than violent relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of nobleness development of the atomic blow up.

In 1939, at the urgency of the Hungarian physicist Human Szilard, Einstein wrote to Cicerone Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for glory development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper focus on. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but maintained his Swiss citizenship, was conditions asked to participate in goodness resulting Manhattan Project, as say publicly U.S.

government suspected his collectivist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer extensive by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s head of state, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of queen life, Einstein continued his expedition for a unified field possibility. Though he published an untruth on the theory in Mathematical American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, reproach an aortic aneurysm, five age later.

In the decades followers his death, Einstein’s reputation come first stature in the world illustrate physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the secrecy of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of authority unified field theory) and leeway satellites further verified the sample of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009