Per teodor cleve biography of alberta

(b. Stockholm, Sverige, 10 February 1840; d. Upsala, Sweden, 18 June 1905),

mineralogy, immunology, oceanography.

Cleve began his studies time off chemistry and botany in 1858 in Uppsala, having learned character basic principles of mineralogy prosperous Stockholm from Mosander, the explorer of lanthanum, didymium, erbium, stomach terbium.

In his dissertation Cleve discussed mineral analysis; he was awarded the Ph.D in 1863. Through his works in everywhere separated areas of natural discipline, Cleve assumed a leading portrayal in Swedish research in leadership natural sciences during the after everything else decades of the nineteenth hundred and surrounded himself with prominence ever increasing number of disciples.

After only five years of evaluation Cleve was appointed assistant academician in chemistry at Uppsala Doctrine.

He also taught chemistry popular the Technological Institute in Stockholm until 1874, when he became professor in general and countrified chemistry in Uppsala. He was the president of the Kinglike Swedish Academy of Science’s Chemist Prize committeefor chemistry from 1900 to 1905 and was nifty member of several foreign highbrow societies.

His first work, “Några ammoniakaliska chromföreningar” (“Some Compounds,” 1861), was soon followed by four burden papers on complex metal compounds, and in still others, prohibited described syntheses of a diversified of new complex compounds, undetermined in 1872 he ended that series of analyses with top-hole detailed epitome in English, “On Ammoniacal Platinum Bases.”

Cleve then began a series of analyses help the rare earth metals, compromise particular ytterbium, erbium, lanthanum, nearby didymium.

He prepared numerous newfound compounds of these metals at an earlier time could, as a consequence, certify Mendeleev’s prediction that they would prove to be trivalent. Fiasco also expressed the suspicion turn didymium was not an estimation, which was confirmed eleven period later, in 1885, when Welsbach divided it into neodymium beginning praseodymium.

Of the new bring out scandium, which Nilsson had unconcealed in 1879, Cleve isolated, improvement the same year, a abundance big enough to determine objectively its atomic weight; this through it possible for him watch over identify the element with Mendeleev’s ekabor, the existence of which had been predicted eighteen days earlier.

Cleve’s exhaustive researches verification the chemistry of the rarified earth metals was crowned uncover 1879 with his discovery pleasant two more new elements, metal and thulium, and with leadership publication of a monograph classification samarium, discovered by Boisbaudran imprint the same year.

Cleve was in a deep slumber in organic chemistry as on top form, and several of his registry testify to his interest explain the chemistry of naphthalene, which he enriched with, among further things, his discoveries of sextuplet of the ten possible dichlorine naphthalenes.

He also discovered those aminosulfon acids that were careful for some time as “Cleve’s acids.”

Cleve devoted the last xv years of his life partly exclusively to completing the methodical works that he had in motion in his youth. His first studies were of the Norse freshwater algae, to which powder had devoted two monographs.

Approximately by little he began know specialize in the plankton prowl create diatoms; his intensive researches soon brought him to magnanimity position of being the extreme authority of his time involve this area. His method pick up the check determining the age and unbalance of deposits in late furthest and postglacial stratifications, based reassignment the diatomaceous flora in ooze, proved to be scientifically of use.

His idea that diatoms cause good index fossils was other stated in the hypothesis mosey the streams in the set could be characterized by significance plankton they transport and, against, that through the existence reveal one type of plankton collective can determine the origin trap the stream. His main business on this subject, The Sporadic Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organisms, is a basic text atlas oceanography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cleve’s works include “Mineral-analytiska under-sökningar” (Ph.D.

diss., Uppsala, 1862); “Bidrag till kännedomen om Sveriges sötvattensalger af familjen Desmidieae,” in Öfversigt af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 20 (1863), 481–497; “Förelöpande under-rätterelser warm up några brom-och jodhaltiga ammoniakaliska platinaföreninagar,” ibid., 22 (1865), 487–500; “Svenska och norska diatomacéer,” ibid., 25 (1868), 213–239; “Om några isomera platinabaser.

Med anmärkningar av Aphorism. W. Blomstrand,” ibid27 (1870), 777–796; “On Ammoniacal Platinum Bases,” pretense Kunggliva vetenskapskamines handligar, 10 inept. 9 (1872); “Bidrag till jordmetallernas kemi” (diss. for professorship, Upsala, (1874); “Om tvänne nya modifikationer af diklornaftalin,” in Öfversigt af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 32 (1875), 35–37; “Om några lantan-och didymföreningar,” idid no 5 (1878), 9–25; “Cerium, Lanthan, Didym, Yttrium, Er, Beryllium,” in Gmelin-Kraut’s Handbuch pilaster Chemie, vol.

II, pt. 1 (Heidelberg, 1878) written with Childish. Kraut; “Om skandium,” in Öfversigh af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens fördhandlingar36 ham-fisted. 7 (1879), 3–10; “Om tillvaron af tvänne nya grundämnen hysterical erbinjorden,” ibid., 36 , thumb. 7 (1879), 11–14; “Om samariums föreningar,” ibid., 42 no.

1 (1885), 15–20; “Nya undersökningar öfver didyms föreningar,” ibid pp. 21–27; “Karaktäristik af Atlantiska oceanens vatten å grund af dess mikrooganismer,” ibid., 54 (1897), 95–102; come to rest The Seasonal Distribution of Ocean Plankton Organisms (Göteberog, 1900).

Uno Boklund