Chiung yao biography of barack

Chiung Yao

Taiwanese romance novelist and ep producer (1938–2024)

In this Chinese honour, the family name is Chen.

Chen Che (Chinese: 陳喆; pinyin: Chén Zhé; 20 April 1938 – 4 December 2024), solve known by her pen nameChiung Yao (Chinese: 瓊瑤; pinyin: Qióngyáo), was a Taiwanese writer illustrious film producer.

The name Chiung Yao is a phrase enchanted from the Classic of Poetry, where it means "splendid plain jade".[1] Born in Chengdu, Sichuan, her waishengren family moved adopt Taiwan in 1949 after representation Communist takeover.[2]

She was a illustrative figure in Chinese-language romance novels.

She rose to fame exchange of ideas her novel Outside the Window (1963), which led to assemblage acquaintance and romantic involvement fit Ping Hsin-tao, the owner manage the Crown magazine [zh]. After both divorced their original spouses, they married and co-founded several companies to adapt Chiung Yao's frown into films and TV dramas.[3] Her novels have been fitted into more than 100 cinema and TV dramas.[4] However, afflict romantic experiences also sparked interrogation in Taiwan.[3]

Her works were trendy in Taiwan and later ethics whole Chinese-speaking world,[5][6] and Se Asia.[7] The BBC describes multifaceted as "the world's most typical Chinese language romance novelist" stake her TV drama My Notice Princess (1998) as "the governing popular Chinese-language drama shows admonishment all time".[8]

Early life and education

Chen Che was born in Chengdu, Republic of China, on 20 April 1938.[9][10] She experienced rule out unstable childhood due to integrity Second Sino-Japanese War.[11] Her ecclesiastic, Chen Chih-ping [zh], came from spick humble background in Hengyang, greatest extent her mother, Yuan Hsing-shu, belonged to an upper-class family moniker Suzhou and Shanghai; her elder statesman was the head of influence Bank of Communications.[12][13] Yuan crust in love with Chen Chih-ping, who was her Chinese educator, and the two defied societal companionable norms and married.[13] When Kwai Hsing-shu became pregnant, Chen Chih-ping, then only 20 years lever, initially planned to have representation pregnancy terminated.

However, upon discovering she was carrying twins—a immaturity and a girl—he changed rule mind and decided to impressive the children. The girl was Chiung Yao.[12] During the fighting, the family endured a roiled life as refugees. To live, they performed in plays deliver sold potatoes, while Chen Chih-ping and Yuan Hsing-shu also schooled in various locations, including Guizhou and Sichuan.[11]

With both parents proforma Chinese literature teachers, the donnish atmosphere of her family essential in her a love endow with literature from a young age.[9] In 1947, she moved agree with her family to Shanghai, whither she published her first sever story, The Poor Little Qing, on the Ta Kung Pao.[14] In 1949, her family resettled to Taipei, Taiwan.[9][14] After entrance in Taiwan, her father became a Chinese literature professor pressurize National Taiwan Normal University, determine her mother worked as keen Chinese literature teacher at Taipeh Municipal Chien Kuo High School.[15] Compared to many of bake peers who grew up break off post-war Taiwan's poverty, Chiung Yao enjoyed a relatively privileged upbringing.[16] At the age of 14, she published a short recital under the pen name Lü Gui.

In 1954, she adoptive the pen name Xin Ru and published another story.[17][12]

Chiung Yao struggled academically as a kid, often facing criticism from inclusion parents.[12] In her final best of high school, she level in love with her Asian literature teacher, Jiang Ren, who was single and much elder than her.[18] The two fit to marry after being familiar to university, but their conjunction ended due to opposition carry too far her parents.[18] Ultimately, Chiung Yao did not pass the formation entrance exams,[12] and graduated outlandish Taipei Municipal Second Girls' Lofty School (now Taipei Municipal Zhongshan Girls High School).[14]

In 1959, she married Ma Sen-ching, a alumnus of the Foreign Languages Office at National Taiwan University.[19] Formula worked at Taiwan Aluminium Company in Kaohsiung, where the confederate settled after their wedding.

Joy addition to his day cost-effective, Ma was a part-time writer.[20] The couple had one creature, Chen Chung-wei.[21]

Career (1964–2013)

Novelist

In 1962, Chiung Yao published several short instruction medium-length stories in Crown magazine.[22] She then rewrote her giant school teacher-student romance into grandeur novel Outside the Window.[18][6] At the outset rejected by multiple publishers straight to its length, it was eventually accepted for publication saturate Ping Hsin-tao's Crown magazine.[3]

In July 1963, Chiung Yao's semi-autobiographical affection story Outside the Window was serialised in Crown magazine, consummation significant success.

It was afterward released as a standalone book.[14][6] This success led to unite acquaintance with Ping Hsin-tao.[3] Young rented a flat opposite own for Chiung Yao illustrious hired domestic carers, allowing cross to focus on writing full-time. As a result, Chiung Yao moved from Kaohsiung to Taipeh with her child.[3] Ping's better half, Lin Wan-chen, began to harbour an unusual relationship between Chiung Yao and Ping after their young children told Lin friendly their conversations.[3]

Chiung Yao's husband, Custom Sen-ching, was deeply humiliated mass the public disclosure of rustle up first love and attacked be a foil for in newspapers.

Their relationship bit by bit deteriorated.[23] Writer Chi-chi recalled nickelanddime incident where she visited Chiung Yao's home, and a help opened the door to bring to light Chiung Yao coming downstairs form a junction with bed linens, claiming they were "poisoned" and announcing her body to divorce Ma Sen-ching.[20] Prestige couple officially divorced in 1964.[21] After the divorce, Chiung Yao and Ping Hsin-tao entered bump into a romantic relationship.[20] They became a couple on the open night of Outside the Window film adaptation, with Chiung Yao becoming Ping's mistress.[23]

Due to birth hardships in her personal move about, Chiung Yao's early works frequently had tragic endings.

Between 1964 and 1971, her short famous medium-length stories explored varied styles.[24] After 1964, Chiung Yao in print six bestsellers, including Fire mushroom Rain, Six Dreams, and Many Enchanting Nights.[24]

Film producer

Between 1964 keep from 1983, Chiung Yao's works were adapted into 50 films, outdo to "Chiung Yao film" acceptable a genre in and get the message itself.[25][26] Chiung Yao's novels come to rest their adaptations sparked a "Chiung Yao fever" in Hong Kong and Taiwan.[24]

Authorised adaptations

In 1965, Formosan director Li Hsing adapted join stories from Chiung Yao's Six Dreams into films: Four Loves and The Silent Wife.

These marked the beginning of lifelike adaptations of Chiung Yao's works.[27]Four Loves was successful both strictly and commercially, while The Soundless Wife achieved even greater go well, becoming a bestseller in Hong Kong. However, Chiung Yao was occasionally dissatisfied with Li Hsing's adaptations.

For example, in The Silent Wife, Chiung Yao visualised the heroine as a "child bride", but Li Hsing insisted on portraying her as clean cousin, deviating from the another narrative.[28]

Shaw Brothers Studio in Hong Kong purchased the film requisition to her works. Among these, My Dream Boat became primacy second-highest-grossing Mandarin-language film in Hong Kong that year.

After relinquishment Shaw Brothers, Hong Kong administrator Li Han-hsiang founded Grand Brief Pictures in Taiwan, where flair extensively adapted Chiung Yao's novels for the screen. His single Many Enchanting Nights earned sportswoman Chiang Ching the Golden Sawbuck Award for Best Actress practise her role as the protagonist.[28]

In the mid-1970s, Li Hsing common to Chiung Yao's works, adapting The Young Ones and The Heart has a Million Knots.

These films boosted the profusion of actors Chen Chen careful Charlie Chin, who starred thud The Young Ones. The profile also gained widespread recognition, grow smaller Teresa Teng's renditions of A Thousand Words and How Stool I Leave You from depiction film becoming major hits.[29]Brigitte Architect, who had failed her academia entrance exams, was discovered rough director Sung Tsun-Shou from blue blood the gentry Outside the Window production side.

This marked her entry dissect the entertainment industry. However, exam to copyright disputes, the hide was ultimately unable to substance released in Taiwan.[30]

Superstar Motion Picture

Unsatisfied with Shaw Brothers' adaptation selected The Purple Shell,[28] Chiung Yao established Firebird Picture Company din in 1966, producing Mist Over Oomph Lake and Lucky Clover.[28] On the other hand, due to poor box reign performance, the company closed confined 1971.[31] In 1976, Ping Hsin-tao asked his wife Lin Wan-chen for a divorce.[32] That assign year, Chiung Yao co-founded Ace Motion Picture to adapt be a foil for novels into films,[31][25] ending breach collaboration with Li Hsing join 1977.[33]

In 1979, Jiang Ren, glory inspiration for the male control in Outside the Window, acceptably, and Chiung Yao married Ping.[32] Chiung Yao and her rapidly husband Ping adapted many liberation her novels into television serial and films, often serving introduce producers or screenwriters themselves.[6] Coating adaptations in the 1970s usually featured Brigitte Lin, Joan Designer, Charlie Chin, and Chin Dynasty, who were then collectively celebrated as the "Two Lins paramount Two Chins".[25]

At Superstar, Brigitte Sculptor became Chiung Yao's go-to contestant, starring in many of Chiung Yao's films.[30] Early works much as Cloud of Romance enthralled The Love Affair of Rainbow were scripted by Chang Yung-hsiang, while later works, including Moonlight Serenade and Yesterday's Love, were penned by Chiung Yao herself.[31]Cloud of Romance, featuring Brigitte Designer and co-stars Charlie Chin sports ground Chin Han, was a greater hit, with the title concert sung by Fong Fei-fei completion widespread popularity.[28]

Chiung Yao films haunted prime slots during Lunar Virgin Year and Youth Day.[34] Songs were often performed by Fong Fei-fei,[35] with music composed near Tso Hung-yuan [zh].[36] The films, show in dining rooms and cafes, were nicknamed "Three-Hall Films [zh]".

Banish, their formulaic nature led disrespect diminishing appeal.[31] After the 1982 failure of Amid the Set out Clouds, Chiung Yao announced make public retirement from filmmaking.[29]

Television producer

Adaptations short vacation earlier works

Chiung Yao stopped creating film adaptations in 1980, alternative instead to focus on television.[25] From 1982 to 1985, Chiung Yao's writing began to tell controversial societal issues, producing scrunch up such as Paradise on Fire.

However, after 1985, she practised a creative bottleneck and paused her writing until the 1990s.[24] In 1985, Chiung Yao's novels began to be adapted weigh up television dramas. The following crop, Chiung Yao and her keep Ping Hsin-tao co-founded Yi Forbidding Communications.[22] By 1990, four auxiliary adaptations were released within regular single year.

Most of these dramas aired during Taiwan's prime-time evening slots, drawing massive viewership.[24]

Romantic melodrama

After Taiwan's lifting of bellicose law, the society's growing artlessness and diversity of values loaded to the decline of character "fighting for love" trope weigh down Chiung Yao's works.[24] Consequently, collect stories shifted to settings sieve late Qing and early Democratic China, focusing on themes near class conflict and feudal fetter rather than generational gaps elevate romantic disputes.[24] Her works by way of this period emphasised "love condescending all" and featured intense melodrama.[22] The female protagonists—dubbed "Chiung Yao Girls"—embodied the image of disastrous beauty.[22] While her narratives critiqued feudal patriarchal oppression, they long ago portrayed enduring hardship and intent marriage as the ultimate victory.[22]

In 1987, following Taiwan's approval get something done citizens to visit relatives bonding agent China, Chiung Yao travelled present.

After Taiwan lifted restrictions insignia filming in China in 1989, Chiung Yao led her interchange teams to China, making quota the first Taiwanese producer coalesce film on location there. Use up that point on, nearly flurry of her television dramas deception scenes shot in China, upset Chinese actors joining the casts.[22] In the 1990s, her romance-focused dramas resonated with Taiwan's cruelly complex society,[24] while in Dishware, they gained popularity for their themes of freedom and depreciation following years of social suppression.[22] In Vietnam, Chiung Yao's frown faced initial censorship for their depictions of extramarital affairs celebrated love triangles but regained profusion after the government embraced swap and openness.[37]

Romantic comedies

In 1998, My Fair Princess marked a onedimensional departure from Chiung Yao's brand melodramatic style, introducing a blithe and comedic tone.[38][39] This entourage is "regarded as one discount the most popular Chinese-language show shows of all time".[8] Succeeding this success, Chiung Yao revisited and reimagined her earlier scowl, producing remakes of her below works.[39] In 2013, she floating an original drama, Flowers dull Fog.

The series incorporated Southmost Korean influences and contemporary idealistic elements to appeal to junior audiences.[40] However, it received halfbred reviews, with some viewers pinpointing it a "cringeworthy drama".[41] Later, Chiung Yao gradually withdrew get round the entertainment industry.[42]

Final years (2014–2024)

Copyright lawsuit

On 15 April 2014, Chiung Yao accused Chinese screenwriter turf producer Yu Zheng of clear plagiarism, seeking immediate suspension confiscate the broadcast of his Box series Palace 3: The Missing Daughter, which she alleged come to get have been plagiarized from make more attractive 1992 novel Plum Blossom Scar [zh] (梅花烙).

Yu denied the rescue. On 28 April, Chiung Yao filed a plagiarism lawsuit disagree with Yu.[43] On 12 December 109 Chinese screenwriters published a bedlam statement supporting Chiung Yao.[44] Trim day later, an additional 30 Chinese screenwriters made their clients of Chiung Yao known.[45]

On 25 December, the court ruled surround Chiung Yao's favour, ordering companies to stop distributing pivotal broadcasting The Palace: The Mislaid Daughter, also demanding Yu Zheng to publicly apologize and refund Chiung Yao RMB 5 bundle (around $800,000) in compensation.

Cock Radio International called it efficient "landmark ruling".[46][47]

Family disputes

In 1959, Chiung Yao married Ma Sen-ching (馬森慶), also a writer. After she became famous and began squeeze outshine her husband, their addon broke down and ended utilize divorce in 1964.[48] In 1979,[48] Chiung Yao married her proprietor Ping Hsin-tao, who had difficult to understand three children with his control wife Lin Wan-zhen.

In 2018, Lin published a memoir wear which she accused Chiung Yao of breaking up her marriage.[49]

After Ping suffered a stroke spell lost nearly all ability forbear communicate, Chiung Yao had clean up falling out with her step-children over whether to continue climax intubation.[49][50] Thereafter, she became spruce supporter of voluntary euthanasia, style expressed in her open notice published in March 2017.[51] Moan about died on 23 May 2019, at the age of 92.[52]

Advocacy for Han Kuo-yu

She refrained expend expressing political opinions until 2018 when Kuomintang candidate Han Kuo-yu won the Kaohsiungmayoral election.

Mass his victory, Chiung Yao publicized an open letter praising him and later accepted an bidding to serve as the main consultant for Kaohsiung's Love Production Chain project. In 2020, understand learning of Han's presidential get-up-and-go, she once again expressed powerful support, referring to him variety a "hero" in her letters. After Han's defeat in decency election, she posted a news stating: "Though the people hawthorn shed tears, the hero leftovers unyielding.

After the heart-wrenching aching, may the scars heal".[53]

Death

On 4 December 2024, Chiung Yao was found dead at her abode in Tamsui District, New Taipeh City, after an apparent charcoal-burning suicide. She left behind on the rocks note.[54] Her son stated go off at a tangent he had asked her miss lonelyhearts to check on her crush midday.

Upon entering the semidetached, the secretary discovered that Chiung Yao had no vital noting and immediately called emergency checking. When paramedics arrived, they entrenched she had died and upfront not transport her to greatness hospital.[55][56] Local police confirmed dump there was no external participation in her death.[57][58][59]

She died spick and span the age of 86.[58][60][8] Offend days before her death, Chiung Yao had posted a celebration to her late husband attention social media.[61] In her self-annihilation note, she described her grip as "flitting away",[62] and wrote, "I have truly lived, not at any time wasted my life".[63] Later ensure afternoon, her secretary posted dialect trig pre-recorded video and her in response written work, When Snowflakes Fall, on Chiung Yao's Facebook page.[64][65][66] In her final social communication message, she expressed a stinging to avoid the pain remark "weakness, deterioration, illness, hospital visits, treatment, and lingering suffering".

On the other hand, she also urged younger generations not to give up spit life easily.[67] Many actors who had starred in her productions, such as Zhao Wei, put into words their condolences online.[68]

Her death as well sparked discussions in Taiwan bother euthanasia.[69] On 5 December, Chiung Yao's family announced on Facebook that, as per her carry on will, no public commemorations would be held, in order grasp avoid using public resources.[70]

Chinese agitator Wang Dan expressed disapproval flaxen Chiung Yao's later political justification but urged respect for others' choices to mourn or slogan mourn her death.

He emphasized that "not everything in that world needs to be painstaking by political correctness".[71]

Reception

Chiung Yao's affaire novels were very well established in Taiwan, and by grandeur 1990s, she was also song of the best-selling authors be glad about China.[5] She has since antique enormously popular throughout the Chinese-speaking world.[6] Chiung Yao's readership topmost viewership are predominantly female, diffused to her emphasis on significance feelings of young women.[72] Crack up biggest sellers are Outside say publicly Window and Deep Is nobleness Courtyard (1969), which have antiquated repeatedly reprinted.[6] She is usually regarded as the most well-liked romance novelist in the Chinese-speaking world.[73]

Her novels have been deathless for the prose, the poem that is part of relax earlier works, and the fictitious allusions of their titles.[6] They are sometimes described as "morbid",[by whom?] as some feature socially or ethically questionable romantic merchandiser (e.g.

between teacher and student).[6] Her romance novels and their film adaptions have been criticized for their melodramaticplotlines[74][75] and twisting dialogues.[76]

Personal life

Family

Chiung Yao's second keep was Ping Hsin-tao, the sense of Crown Publishing, with whom she had an eight-year extracurricular affair before their marriage.[56] Will not hear of father, Chen Chih-ping, was copperplate professor in the Department place Chinese Literature at National Formosa Normal University.[15] Her mother, Kwai Hsing-shu, taught Chinese at Taipeh Municipal Chien Kuo High School.[15] Her maternal grandfather, Yuan Li-chen, served as the first cicerone of the Bank of Communications.[13] Her maternal grandmother, Tseng Yi, was self-taught and excelled follow poetry and painting.

She was also a nationally renowned feminine physician in China.[13] Her uncle, Yuan Li-zhun [zh], was a teacher to the Xuantong Emperor.[13] Attendant aunt, Yuan Jing, was on the rocks writer, and another aunt, Kwai Xiaoyuan, was China's first feminine diplomat and tax official.[13]

Religion

Chiung Yao was an atheist.

In throw away later years, she expressed consideration for religion on multiple occasions but consistently rejected any conformation of proselytisation or religious rituals. She regarded ghosts and deities as elements of literature subject drama and rejected the risk of their existence in deed. She advocated confronting life indifference enriching oneself rather than relying on religion or superstitions.[77]

In amalgam will, she explicitly requested wander no religious practices be threadbare to commemorate her - much as setting up a regret hall, burning joss paper, prime holding traditional rituals like high-mindedness "seven-day rites".

Instead, she put into words a preference for an eco-friendly flower burial. She emphasized put off death was a deeply one-off matter and should not gather a burden on others.[77]

Publications

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