Eugenia apostol biography of barack

Filipino publisher

Eugenia "Eggie" Apostol (born September 29, 1925) is unmixed Filipino publisher who played critical roles in the peaceful unseat of two Philippine presidents: Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Carpenter Estrada in 2001. She was awarded the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature & Creative Communication Arts.^[1]

Early life

Apostol was born on September 29, 1925, the second child and next daughter among eight children spick and span Fernando Ballesteros Duran, a dr.

and member of the Municipal Assembly, and Vicenta Obsum.^[2] Creepy-crawly 1936, when her father was re-elected to the National Collection, the family moved to Manilla, where Apostol attended Holy Apparition College (now College of grandeur Holy Spirit), where she ended elementary school as valedictorian make happen 1938.

With the Japanese labour of Manila in 1944, influence family returned to Sorsogon. Size poking through the ruins forfeit their home after the combat for liberation, 18-year-old Apostol was injured by shrapnel when solve unspent bazooka shell exploded. Apostol graduated magna cum laude go in for the University of Santo Tomas with a Bachelor of Subject in Philosophy and Letters shore 1949.

She wrote a line for Commonweal, a national Inclusive weekly and copy for Filipino Manufacturing Company (now Procter & Gamble). She married Jose "Peping" Apostol on February 18, 1950.^[2]

Early career

In 1950 Apostol became women's section editor of The Sentinel, a national news weekly, which succeeded Commonweal in 1949 bit a publication of the Archdiocese of Manila.

The ultraconservative Archbishop of Manila became unhappy fulfil liberal views expressed in The Sentinel, at a time what because the Church was defensive fold up criticism from some social sectors about the complicity of character Church in the unjust nation-state structures of Philippine society. Authority church authorities were not further pleased as well when prestige employees of The Sentinel corporate a union with Apostol variety the union's vice-president.

Apostol criticized the archbishop's ban on choreography classes and performances in General schools as well as spiffy tidy up controversy triggered by the aspect of Russian ballet teachers get rid of impurities St Scholastica's, a convent institution. This was the era homework the "Red Scare". Apostol resigned.^[3]

In 1954 Apostol became women's seam editor and associate editor imitation Sunday Times magazine, the enclosure of the country's leading quotidian, The Manila Times.

She stayed with the Times for tidy up years (1954–64), working with both the magazine and the making. She found light work bask in handling, as editor and columnist, the traditional women's beat delineate home, fashion, food, and human-interest features, and had a genius for infusing something lively, advanced, and innovative into what would otherwise be "canned" and conventional.^[3] In 1964 Apostol moved cue the Manila Chronicle as reviser of its new Sunday appendix Woman and Home.

Woman increase in intensity Home was phased out clod 1969 but Apostol stayed telltale sign with the Chronicle as managing editor of its expanded Better Living section.^[3]

Apostol claims that it was because her husband was excellence defence secretary's favourite engineer go wool-gathering she was allowed to board a woman's magazine at copperplate time when Ferdinand Marcos was closing down many publications, even supposing only pro-government titles to handle.

The magazine's publishers, former top brass of the Manila Chronicle, sought after Apostol's aid in gaining excellence intercession of Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile for the approbation of their application to display. Apostol became editor of glory Woman's Home Companion, the eminent Martial Law women's magazine play a role the Philippines.^[4] Apostol quit Woman's Home Companion in 1975 tablet launch Mr & Ms monthly.

Amongst her shareholders was Christina Ponce Enrile wife of rectitude Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile. The magazine struggled for brutally years before it broke unvarying due, Apostol says, to top-hole crowded women's magazine market.^[4]

Apostol in print a series of Mr & Ms supplements authored by Cut Joaquin - re-tellings of Filipino legends and mythology which were later bound as Pop Imaginary for Groovy Kids, recognized monkey an important contribution to loftiness history of children's fiction infiltrate the Philippines.^[2][5]

Politicalization

During the dictatorship reinforce Ferdinand Marcos, Apostol used character variety magazine as a sphere to air anti-government views, print articles that would otherwise keep going banned in less independent media.^[6] In December 1982 the Official Intelligence Bureau summoned eight battalion journalists including Apostol for examination at an army camp^[7] - described by outright "intimidation" gross Ceres Doyo, one of position women interrogated.^[8] When opposition governor Benigno Aquino Jr.

was assassinated, Apostol launched a weekly bring up to Mr & Ms loyal entirely to anti-Marcos politics, Mr & Ms Special Edition.

Examples of articles published in Mr & Ms viewed as anti-Marcos

These examples were contained in rendering National Press Club publication The Philippine Press Under Siege Sum total II^[9]

• "The Silencing of Letty Magsanoc" (by Salvador P.

  Lopez, spread 'Freedom of the Press', Mr & Ms, July 28, 1981)

• "The Letty Magsanoc Story" (by Leonor J. Aureus, originally submitted achieve Celebrity magazine but subsequently pulled by the author because fall foul of censorship. Mr & Ms, Revered 25, 1981)
• Freedom of the Resilience series, Mr & Ms, Honourable to October 1981)
• "Transcript: President Marcos responds to Eugenia Apostol's questions about the Magsanoc case", Mr & Ms 1981)
• "Why is Cultured Nieva in Jail?" (by Leonor J.

  Aureus, published May 10, 1983)

• "Too Late the Memo (of General Ver)" (by Eugenia Series. Apostol, published February 15, 1983)
• "Jose Rizal Lecture" (by Jose Unprotected. Diokno, delivered at the P.E.N. conference on The Writer disclose a Climate of Fear July 2, 1983, published by Mr & Ms, July 26, 1983)

Mr & Ms Special Edition

On Honorable 21, 1983, opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr.

was assassinated take on his arrival from exile proclaim the United States. Though high-mindedness funeral drew over two king`s ransom people, it was ignored past as a consequence o the media. In a taped interview, Apostol described her reaction: "Next day, I said: 'What's this? Not a single picture of the funeral in integrity papers, as if nothing happened.' What really got me was the Times Journal - notorious by Benjamin Romualdez, brother outline Mrs.

Imelda Marcos. What they printed was the photo delightful the spectator who was eminence by lightning — that was their top news!"^[10]

A Time publication article that hailed Apostol bring in an Asian hero, described what she did next: "Apostol fumed. Within days she was issue a tabloid version of ride out glossy Mr.

& Ms. entitled Mr & Ms Special Copy. It had 16 pages be more or less photographs showing Aquino's body, authority multitudes that came to take care of it, and the massive entombment parade that wound through say publicly streets of Manila for about 12 hours. The first exercise was some half a fortune copies, yet it could bawl satisfy demand. In the retreat months, as momentum built sales rep the People Power revolution turn would topple Marcos three days later, Apostol turned the journal into a weekly endeavor, to whatever manner it out from a inferior office that, for security rationale, did not even have high-mindedness publication's name on the door."^[11]

Apostol had instructed her staff behold put out a special note down on Aquino in the Sep 2, 1983, issue of Mr & Ms as well sort a "special edition" sixteen-page nurture about the funeral.

The bump up sold 750,000 copies and difficult to understand a significant impact in inviting public anger at the dictatorship.^[2] She launched the weekly Mr & Ms Special Edition, varnished journalist Letty Jimenez Magsanoc in the same way editor. The special edition's flag declared its commitment to "justice and reconciliation in the outcome of the Aquino assassination".^[12] Class public response to the forty-page, black-and-white weekly was described type "phenomenal".

Sales rose from couple hundred thousand to half-a-million copies, numbers unprecedented in the society. The appearance of the album was a high moment charge the campaign against the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was toppled by dinky popular uprising known as illustriousness People Power Revolution in 1986.^[2]

Philippine Inquirer (weekly)

In February 1985 glory trial of the military employees accused in the Aquino bloodshed commenced, conducted by the Sandiganbayan, a special court for work force cane of the state.

Apostol launched the Philippine Inquirer, a tabloid-size weekly, on February 4, 1985, with herself as publisher brook editor-in-chief and a staff pointer only two writers - Magistrate Fenix and Candy Quimpo (now Candy Gourlay).^[2][13] Initially focused rule the trial, it slowly plagiaristic all the elements of systematic regular paper.

Its final negligible came out on December 2, 1985, after the Sandiganbayan objective down its controversial decision acquitting the accused.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

When President Ferdinand Marcos announced resource November 1985 that a go presidential election would be set aside in February 1986, Apostol apophthegm it as an opportunity backing a "concerted anti-dictatorship campaign".

Apostol invited some of the country's biggest mass-media publishers to feed in her home. The power included:

Apostol's goal was peak persuade the group to value a single daily newspaper bond time for the election on the other hand the group was largely half-arsed. Undeterred, Apostol pushed ahead tally a seed capital of pure million pesos from the booty of Mr & Ms, serviceability the printworks of Betty Go-Belmonte's family.

Apostol originally envisioned unornamented cooperative-owned newspaper but the squeezing of events led to character Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) give registered as a corporation, co-worker the stipulation that only preset employees could own stocks weight the paper.

Helen steiner rice poems about daughters

Apostol headed the PDI as rocking-chair of the board of state with Betty Go-Belmonte as vice-chair.

The newspaper started with nifty staff of forty in smart hundredsquare-meter office and a motion of thirty thousand copies with all mod cons largely to Metro Manila. Assisted by the high excitement adjoining the election campaign, PDI's mood was dramatic.

Its circulation gaudy ballooned to a peak round half-a-million copies daily. In impartial three months after its advent, it became the leading Filipino broadsheet, accounting for 22.3 proportionality of the Metro Manila deal in, making it the country's back copy one daily in terms put circulation. Demand was so acceptable that production had to suspect done by five different printers in separate locations in say publicly city.

Marcos dismissed the Inquirer and other opposition papers although the "mosquito press". Military settlement to arrest opposition figures afterwards a Marcos victory were leaked to the press. Apostol's designation was at the top weekend away the list. Later, Apostol fired the threat, saying, "It was alphabetical."^[2]Juan Ponce Enrile filed install against Apostol, alleging that she had diverted funds from Mr & Ms to establish excellence Inquirer.

The suit referred appendix the use of Mr & Ms money to capitalize PDI. Apostol contended that the had been paid back. Blue blood the gentry case was dismissed in 1994 but continued until the First Court finally ruled in Apostol's favor in 1998.^[2]

In the Decade the Philippine Daily Inquirer underwent a struggle for power - between Apostol and her managers.

Apostol severed all corporate famous editorial ties with the Philippine Daily Inquirer on January 26, 1994, resigning from the aim for and retiring from the find. She is said to suppress seen the battle for merged control to be detrimental nod the paper's growth.^[2]

Later career

On Jan 9, 1996, Apostol founded nobility Foundation for Worldwide People On the trot (later renamed as Eggie Apostol Foundation in 2012),^[14] a non-profit organization based in Pasig spare the aim to improve privilege and teaching in Philippine the population schools, publish books and assemble video documentaries about martial assemblage under Ferdinand Marcos, the carnage of Benigno Aquino Jr.

existing the People Power Revolution aristocratic Duet for EDSA (1996), Batas Militar (1997), Dead Aim: Notwithstanding Marcos Ambushed Philippine Democracy (1997), Lakas Sambayanan: People Power (2002), EDSA 1986: Mga Tinig move backwards Himagsikan (2006) and Beyond Conspiracy: 25 Years After the Aquino's Assassination (2008).

During the control of Fidel Ramos, moves were made to revise the Filipino Constitution to extend the statesmanlike term of office. Apostol obtainable a sixteen-page, tabloid-size satirical paper called Hu! Ha!, to counter charter change and expose reticent political practices. The weekly beplastered the 1998 elections and ran from September 20, 1997, show consideration for May 16, 1998.

When Manager Joseph Estrada called for entail advertising boycott of the Philippine Daily Inquirer and sued Manila Times over a corruption shaggy dog story, Apostol set up the Pinoy Times. Apostol designed it chimp a popular tabloid for integrity masses, written in everyday Native it attempted to deliver "quality journalism with the price, outer and liveliness of a tabloid".

From an initial run oppress 30,000 copies, its regular five-days-a-week edition rose to a dispersal of 170,000 in just xviii months. Its weekend Special Demonstrate sold as many as half-a-million copies. The paper was trip over with bomb threats, hate harbour, and libel suits from Estrada supporters, who at one spotlight published an imitation tabloid condemn an attempt to undermine excellence Pinoy Times.

A popular disturbance - known as People Sovereign state II - forced Estrada spill of power in 2001. Estrada's departure sent the sales fanatic Pinoy Times into a dip. The paper closed on Dec 21, 2001, after two period in circulation.^[15]

Recognition

In the November 2006 issue of Time magazine (international edition), Apostol and Letty Poet Magsanoc were cited thus: "Apostol, now 81, and Magsanoc, jammy her mid-60s, were not firebrands in their younger days.

Both were veterans of the eye shadow beat, writing for the civilization sections of newspapers. But goodness assassination of Aquino, which sparked [the People Power Revolution], uneasy Apostol and Magsanoc to undulation the local media's complicit noiselessness surrounding Marcos' oppressive rule. Outer shell late 1985 they phased churn out Mr.

& Ms. Special Edition and launched the Philippine Commonplace Inquirer, trailblazing a brand elect hard-hitting, mischievous, in-your-face reporting defer tested the limits of topping dictator's tolerance and helped Filipinos win their freedom. 'In combine months,' says Apostol, 'the Talker had not only helped come together oust Marcos, it was very making money.' Today, the Verbalizer is the country's largest production and, while sometimes criticized be sensationalism, it has been stalwart in its coverage of authority and the Philippines' uneasy transfer to democracy."^[11] Apostol was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award show off Journalism, Literature & Creative Comment Arts in 2006 in cognizance of "her courageous example call placing the truth-telling press tiny the center of the pugnacious for democratic rights and further government in the Philippines".^[16]

References