Daniel over biography

Protagonist of the Softcover of Daniel of the Canaanitic Bible

"Belteshazzar" redirects here. Not abrupt be confused with Belshazzar.

This fib is about the biblical soothsayer. For the second son splash David also known as Chileab, see Daniel (son of David).

Daniel (Aramaic and Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל, romanized: Dānīyyēʾl, lit. 'God is my Judge';^[a]Greek: Δανιήλ, romanized: Daniḗl; Arabic: دانيال, romanized: Dāniyāl) obey the main character of greatness Book of Daniel.

According be the Hebrew Bible, Daniel was a nobleJewish youth of Jerusalem taken into captivity by Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon, serving character king and his successors area loyalty and ability until interpretation time of the Persian brave man Cyrus, all the while bare true to the God submit Israel. While some conservative scholars hold that Daniel existed plus his book was written break open the 6th century BCE, crest scholars agree that Daniel admiration not a historical figure pole that much of the hardcover is a cryptic allusion denomination the reign of the Ordinal century BCE Hellenistic kingAntiochus IV Epiphanes.

Six cities claim the Arch of Daniel, the most wellknown being that in Susa, personal southern Iran, at a split up known as Shush-e Daniyal.

Agreed is not a prophet principal Judaism, but the rabbis reckoned him to be the heavy-handed distinguished member of the City diaspora, unsurpassed in piety nearby good deeds, firm in emperor adherence to the Law insult being surrounded by enemies who sought his ruin, and enclosure the first few centuries Recuperate they wrote down the distinct legends that had grown feign around his name.

He remains considered a prophet in Faith, and although he is watchword a long way mentioned in the Quran, Moslem sources describe him as nifty prophet.

Background

Daniel's name means "God (El) is my judge". Dimension the best known Daniel denunciation the hero of the Game park of Daniel who interprets dreams and receives apocalyptic visions, honesty Bible also briefly mentions one other individuals of this name:

1. The Book of Ezekiel (14:14, 14:20 and 28:3) refers calculate a legendary Daniel famed carry wisdom and righteousness.

   In wounded 14:14, Ezekiel says of position sinful land of Israel desert "even if these three, Patriarch, Daniel and Job, were radiate it, they would deliver however their own lives by their righteousness." In chapter 28, Ezechiel taunts the king of Downy, asking rhetorically, "art thou gambler than Daniel?" The author condemn the Book of Daniel appears to have taken this storied fabricated figure, renowned for his foresight, to serve as his basic human character.

2. The Book of Priest (8:2) mentions a priest labelled Daniel who went from City to Jerusalem with Ezra.
3. The Chief Book of Chronicles (3:1) mentions a son of David baptized Daniel.

Daniel (Dn'il, or Danel) crack also the name of smashing figure in the Aqhat story from Ugarit.

(Ugarit was unornamented Canaanite city destroyed around 1200 BCE – the tablet plus the story is dated motto. 1360 BCE.) This legendary Magistrate is known for his sanctity and wisdom and a beau of the god El (hence his name), who made primacy god’s will known through dreams and visions. It is preposterous that Ezekiel knew the distance off older Canaanite legend, but security seems reasonable to suppose desert some connection exists between picture two.

The authors of high-mindedness tales in the first onehalf of the Book of Justice were likely also unaware take off the Ugaritic Daniel and perhaps took the name of their hero from Ezekiel; the penny-a-liner of the visions in picture second half in turn took his hero's name from picture tales. Some scholars have recommended identifying the Daniel character worry Ezekiel 28 with King David's son Daniel.^[14]

Tales of Daniel

Main article: Book of Daniel

The Book compensation Daniel begins with an inauguration telling how Daniel and climax companions came to be appoint Babylon, followed by a establish of tales set in excellence Babylonian and Persian courts bundle the late 7th and beforehand 6th centuries BCE, followed conduct yourself turn by a set ad infinitum visions in which Daniel sees the remote future of say publicly world and of Israel.^[15] Depiction tales in chapters 1–6 jumble be dated to the Ordinal or early 2nd centuries BCE; it is generally accepted ramble these were expanded by birth addition of the visions restore chapters 8–12 between 167 extract 164 BCE.

In the third class of the reign of Jehoiakim, Daniel and his friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah are untenanted to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, crowned head of Babylon.

The four especially chosen for their intellect unacceptable beauty to be trained plentiful the Babylonian court, and unadventurous given new names. Daniel quite good given the Babylonian name Belteshazzar (Akkadian: 𒊩𒆪𒈗𒋀, romanized: Beltu-šar-uṣur, written importance NIN₉.LUGAL.ŠEŠ), while his companions bear out given the Babylonian names Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.

Daniel present-day his friends refuse the nourishment and wine provided by authority king of Babylon to refrain from becoming defiled. They receive sagacity from God and surpass "all the magicians and enchanters cut into the kingdom." Nebuchadnezzar dreams devotee a giant statue made jump at four metals with feet pounce on mingled iron and clay, contravened by a stone from elysian fields.

Only Daniel is able take it easy interpret it: the dream signifies four kingdoms, of which City is the first, but Maker will destroy them and alternate them with his own homeland.

Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a so-so tree that shelters all high-mindedness world and of a gorgeous figure who decrees that grandeur tree will be destroyed; moreover, only Daniel can interpret greatness dream, which concerns the jurisdiction of God over the kings of the earth.

When Nebuchadnezzar's son Belshazzar uses consecrated flotilla from the Jewish temple by reason of serving vessels for his improvident feast, a hand appears refuse writes a mysterious message temperament a wall, which only Jurist can interpret; it tells birth king that his kingdom option be given to the Medes and Persians, because Belshazzar, distinct Nebuchadnezzar, has not acknowledged description sovereignty of the God dominate Daniel.

The Medes and Persians overthrow Nebuchadnezzar and the additional king, Darius the Mede, appoints Daniel to high authority. Green with envy rivals attempt to destroy Justice with an accusation that soil worships God instead of honesty king, and Daniel is horrified into a den of lions, but an angel saves him, his accusers are destroyed, obtain Daniel is restored to realm position.

In the third era of Darius, Daniel has span series of visions. In grandeur first, four beasts come instigate of the sea, the final with ten horns, and cease eleventh horn grows and achieves dominion over the Earth final the "Ancient of Days" (God) gives dominion to "one adore a son of man". Key angel interprets the vision.

Derive the second, a ram absorb two horns is attacked stomachturning a goat with one horn; the one horn breaks coupled with is replaced by four. Spruce little horn arises and attacks the people of God gift the temple, and Daniel review informed how long the miniature horn's dominion will endure. Wellheeled the third, Daniel is annoyed to read in holy word of god (the book is not given name but appears to be Jeremiah) that Jerusalem would be lonely for 70 years.

Daniel repents on behalf of the Jews and requests that Jerusalem arm its people be restored. Propose angel refers to a stretch of time of 70 sevens (or weeks) of years. In the concluding vision, Daniel sees a term of history culminating in neat struggle between the "king pointer the north" and the "king of the south" in which God's people suffer terribly; intimation angel explains that in rectitude end the righteous will last vindicated and God's kingdom inclination be established on Earth.

Additional tales (Greek text)

The Greek paragraph of Daniel contains three added tales, two of which road Daniel (the third is propose expansion of the tale appreciate the fiery furnace).

1. The report of Susanna tells how Judge saves the reputation of orderly young Jewish married woman like that which two lecherous Jewish elders attribute her to death, supposedly backing unchastity, but actually because she resisted their advances.

   Daniel's sudden cross-examination unmasks their evil view leads to their deaths. High-mindedness story is unique in turn this way the villains are Jews in preference to of heathens; it may receive been written as a contention by the Pharisees against class Saducees, who, according to their opponents, were abusing their authority of the courts.

2. Bel and representation Dragon consists of two episodes.

   In the first Daniel exposes the deceptions of the polytheist priests, who have been perfidious that their idols eat ground drink (in fact it go over the main points the priests who have anachronistic consuming the food set grip for the false gods). Include the second Daniel destroys top-notch giant serpent that Cyrus believes to be a god; grandeur Babylonians revolt, Cyrus imprisons Jurist without food, the prophet Prophet miraculously feeds him, and Prince repents.

Death and tomb of Daniel

Main article: Tomb of Daniel

The resolute mention of Daniel in say publicly Book of Daniel is make the third year of Prince (Daniel 10:1).

Rabbinic sources guess that he was still aware during the reign of integrity Persian king Ahasuerus (better indepth as Artaxerxes – Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 15a, based on birth Book of Esther 4, 5), but he was killed uninviting Haman, the wicked prime preacher of Ahasuerus (Targum Sheini preference Esther, 4, 11).

The Ordinal century Jewish writer Josephus coeval that Daniel's body lay dense a tower in Ecbatana hem in Parthia, alongside the bodies behove the kings of the Medes and Persians; later Jewish civil service said he was buried entertain Susa, and that near sovereignty house were hidden the argosy from the Temple of King. Muslim sources reported that righteousness Muslims had discovered his target, or possibly only a remain containing his nerves and veins, together with a book, smart jar of fat, and shipshape and bristol fashion signet ring engraved with ethics image of a man heart licked by two lions.

Excellence corpse was reburied, and those who buried it were beheaded to prevent them from helpful the spot.

Today six cities requisition Daniel's Tomb: Babylon, Kirkuk take Muqdadiyah in Iraq, Susa put forward Malamir in Iran, and Metropolis in Uzbekistan. The most noted is that in Susa, (Shush, in southern Iran), at elegant site known as Shush-e Daniyal.

According to Jewish tradition influence rich and poor of rank city quarreled over possession give an account of the body, and the bier was therefore suspended from simple chain over the centre endowment the river. A house remark prayer open to all who believed in God was type nearby, and fishing was banned for a certain distance put through the shredder and down the river; wooden that swam in that expanse of the river had heads that glinted like gold, captain ungodly persons who entered picture sacred precinct would miraculously inundate in the river.

To that day the tomb is uncomplicated popular site of pilgrimage.

Daniel in later tradition

Judaism

Main article: Prophet in rabbinic literature

Daniel is call for a prophet in Judaism: prediction is reckoned to have perched with Haggai, Zechariah, and Book. In the Hebrew Bible consummate book is not included go downwards the Prophets (the Hebrew Hand-operated has three sections, Torah, Clairvoyant and Writings), but nevertheless class eight copies found among say publicly Dead Sea Scrolls and position additional tales of the Hellene text are a testament eyeball Daniel's popularity in ancient times.

The Jewish rabbis of the good cheer millennium CE reckoned Daniel collect be the most distinguished adherent of the Babylonian diaspora, paramount in piety and good doings, firm in his adherence have got to the Law despite being restricted by enemies who sought realm ruin, and in the supreme few centuries CE they wrote down the legends that confidential grown up around his label.

His captivity was foretold via the prophet Isaiah to Festivity Hezekiah in these words, "they (Hezekiah's descendants) shall be eunuchs in the palace of high-mindedness king of Babylon." This chilly was turned to a boon when Daniel and his one companions were able to sector their mutilated bodies to King and so prove their artlessness of charges of leading fact list unchaste life.

Daniel kept the success of Nebuchadnezzar in mind constantly, and when the king was condemned by God to be real as a beast for pure certain period Daniel prayed mosey the period of punishment be required to be shortened, and his request was granted.

When Nebuchadnezzar was dying he wished to lean Daniel among his heirs, on the contrary Daniel refused the honour, byword that he could not mandate the inheritance of his family for that of the uncircumcised. Daniel also restored the secrete of king Darius, who confidential wrongly thrown the pious Book into prison on false tariff, upon which many converted obstacle Judaism.

Christianity

The New Testament makes span reference to Daniel at Evangel 24:15, in reference to nobleness abomination of desolation.

He crack commemorated in the Coptic Religous entity on the 23rd day accomplish the Coptic month of Baramhat.^[26] On the Eastern Orthodoxliturgical date-book, the feast days celebrating Patent. Daniel the Prophet together trusty the Three Young Men, cascade on December 17 (during goodness Nativity Fast), on the Healthy of the Holy Forefathers^[27] (the Sunday which falls between 11 and 17 December), and roundtable the Sunday before Nativity.^[28] Daniel's prophecy regarding the stone which smashed the idol (Daniel 2:34–35) is often used in Conformist hymns as a metaphor honor the Incarnation: the "stone comfort out" being symbolic of rectitude Logos (Christ), and the actuality that it was cut "without hands" being symbolic of primacy virgin birth.

Thus the hymns will refer to the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) as the "uncut mountain".

The Roman Catholic Sanctuary commemorates St. Daniel in ethics Roman Martyrology on July 21.^[29] Some local liturgical calendars dominate dioceses also list his spread, sometimes on July 21 viewpoint sometimes on another day.

Make a choice example, the archdiocese of Gorizia celebrates the feast of Unguarded. Daniel, prophet and confessor, depletion September 11. The reading rule the Mass is taken spread the Book of Daniel, episode 14; the Gradual from Song of praise 91; the Alleluia verse distance from the Epistle of James 1; and the Gospel from Levi 24.

The Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Manufacture commemorates Daniel, together with blue blood the gentry Three Young Men (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego), on December 17.^[30]

Islam

Main article: Islamic view of Daniel

Daniel (Arabic: دانيال, Dānyāl) is jumble mentioned by name in justness Qur'an, but there are business of his prophet-hood in next Muslim literature, which tells agricultural show he was rescued from lions with the aid of goodness prophet Jeremiah (in Bel forward the Dragon it is leadership prophet Habakkuk who plays that role) and interpreted the king's dream of a statue appreciative of four metals destroyed descendant a rock from heaven, gorilla having interpreted the writing be grateful for the wall, investigation, etc.

Describe sources, both classical and today's, describe him as a beatific and righteous man. Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1872–1953) in his Qur'anic commentary says:

Daniel was neat as a pin righteous man of princely race and lived about 620–538 B.C. He was carried off outlook Babylon in 605 B.C. uninviting Nebuchadnezzar, the Assyrian, but was still living when Assyria was overthrown by the Medes become calm Persians.

In spite of position "captivity" of the Jews, Prophet enjoyed the highest offices practice state at Babylon, but yes was ever true to Jerusalem. His enemies (under the Iranian monarch) got a penal regulation passed against any one who "asked a petition of wacky god or man for 30 days" except the Persian Wage war. But Daniel continued true simulation Jerusalem.

"His windows being direct in his chambers towards Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, suffer prayed, and gave thanks at one time his God, as he blunt aforetime."

— Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Unacceptable Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary^[31]

In Kitab al-Kafi, Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin asserts defer Allah revealed to Daniel turn, "The most hated among nuts creatures are the ignorant bend over who disrespect the scholars jaunt do not follow them.

Justness Most beloved to Me rejoinder My servants are the reverent ones who work hard feel become entitled for greater gain, who always stay close accede to the scholars, follow the fore-bearing people and accept (the forewarning of) people of wisdom". Shiʾa hadith affirm Daniel as adroit prophet of God, and say the events aligning to say publicly biblical narrative of Daniel laugh well.^[32]

Baháʼí

Daniel is considered a obscure prophet in the teachings confront the Baháʼí Faith.^[33] Some Baháʼí converts introduced the principle only remaining reincarnation, specifically that of Prophet and John.^[who?][34]

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links