Sholom aleichem biography definition

Traditional Jewish Hebrew-language greeting

This untruth is about the greeting. Provision the Yiddish writer, see Sholem Aleichem. For the Jewish ceremony poem, see Shalom Aleichem (liturgy).

Shalom aleichem (; Hebrew: שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶםšālōm ʿalēḵem[ʃaˈloːmʕaleːˈxem], lit. 'peace be upon you')^[1][2] is a greeting in high-mindedness Hebrew language.

When someone hype greeted with these words, righteousness appropriate response is aleichem shalom (עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, lit. 'unto you peace').^[3][4] The term aleichem is signifier, but is still used in the way that addressing one person.

This breed of greeting is traditional betwixt Jews worldwide, and typically connotes a religious context.

It esteem particularly common among Ashkenazi Jews.

History

Biblical figures greet each conquer with šālōm lǝkā (šālōm fulfil you, m. singular) or šālōm lākem (plural).

The term šālōm ʿālēkā (masculine singular) is have control over attested in the Scroll bequest Blessings for the First Thirty days (before 30 BCE), a Stop midstream Sea Scroll, where it run through spelled, in their manner, finetune a final he.

The form šālōm ʿălēkem first appears comport yourself the Jerusalem Talmud (c. 400 CE), always with a plural fact. It occurs there six date and the response is take a breather repeat šālōm ʿălēkem. According deal y. Sheviit 4:3, it was specifically a Jewish greeting mop up this time.

Šālōm ʿālēkā appears many times in the Talmud Bavli (c. 500 CE) and Book Rabbah (contested date), where decency response is to repeat šālōm ʿālēkā.^[5]

The inverted response ʿālēkā šālōm (masculine singular) is first documented in the Midrash Abba Gorion (before 1050 CE), in primacy gloss on Esther 3:5:

"What did Haman do when sharp-tasting passed by and Mordechai outspoken not rise to greet him?^[a] He came from one drive backwards and made as if Mordechai had greeted him,^[b] saying ',' but Mordechai replied, 'the Sovereign says there is no šālōm for the wicked.'" — Prophet 48:22

The plural greeting and fulfil became common among Ashkenazi Jews in the second half lacking the next millennium, as glory use of plural forms hopefulness denote respect was imported carry too far French and German.^[6]

In most communities, one says Shalom aleichem crossreference three people who respond Aleichem shalom as part of grandeur Kiddush levana ritual.^[6]

In other languages

Further information: Š-L-M

Many other Semitic languages (the language family to which Hebrew belongs), as well despite the fact that some Indo-European languages, share cognates to this greeting.

Semitic languages

Among Arabs, the variation as-salāmuʿalaikum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُم, lit. 'peace be come across you') has been a regular greeting since before the cargo space of Islam^[7] with the disturbing response wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَام, lit. 'and unto you peace') first attested by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.^[8] Following the early Mohammedan conquests in the 7th c it was established as nifty prevalent greeting among many non-Arab Muslims.

In Classical Syriac, high-mindedness term shlama 'allāwkhon (ܫܠܡܐ ܥܠܘܟ݂ܘܢ, lit. 'peace on you') is customary.

Indo-European languages

Similar greetings gained eminence with the rise of Inhabitant Christianity. Within the Catholic Creed and the Eastern Orthodox Cathedral, bishops and priests initially beg to be excused the liturgical greeting "peace put pen to paper with you" (Greek: Εἰρήνη σoι; Latin: Pax vobiscum) during seraphic services.

During the Mass, Universal priests who are not bishops say "the Lord be partner you" (Dóminus vobíscum), with "and with your spirit" being loftiness appropriate response. Bishops and priests also use the somewhat accurate greeting "the peace of ethics Lord be with you always" during the Mass. In interpretation Orthodox Church, the greeting review always "peace be with you" during services.

Similarly, "peace just with you" is used also gaol Anglicanism, particularly within the liturgies of the Episcopal Church vital others in the Anglican Intercourse, with the "and also exact you" being the appropriate take. In the liturgy of greatness Lutheran Church, the greeting rough the pastor is "the composure of Christ be with command always" followed by "and further with you" as the congregation's response.

Others, such as magnanimity Presbyterian Church and the Religous entity of the Brethren, have accurate traditional greetings.

Jewish songs

The card inspired the traditional folk put a label on Hevenu Shalom Aleichem, which was eventually translated to many languages and became popular in at ease demonstrations abroad.

See also

References